Artificial fuel and process of making same.



No. 798,771. PATEN'TED JULY 4-, 1.905. G. M. DALLAS ARTIFICIAL FUEL ANDPROUEES OF MAKING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2a, 190av lltl'o. "$93,771.

siren S'rairns tl-EUl- HE M. DALLAS, O l? CHlCAGO,

'llltllVlAS, OF UH Patented July 4;, 1905.

lh t.il"tthl"7l" Urricn.

.lLlilNtflti, AtifrllHNOh TO lilClilAlill) .lFl. ill/Mil), lLLliNUlfB.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 793,71? 1, dated July4t, 1905.

Application filed March 28, 1903. Serial No. 149,916.

To a whom, [it may concern.-

lie it known that l, HEM-{GM M. Dawns, a citizen of the United States,residing at tlhicago, in the county of Cook and citate ol .lllinois,have invented certain new and useful 1mproven'lents in Artificial Fueland in the Process of l daking the Same, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to improvements in a composition of matter to beused as fuel and in the process of making the same; and it consists incomlnning or incorporating together certain ingredients and in the noveltreatment thereof, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth andspecifically claimed.

The objects of the invention are to produce fuel by means of a simpleprocess which shall he inexpensive, perfect in combustion, substantiallysmokeless, non-clinkering, lasting or durable, and of great heat-producing power; to utilize a cheap grade of coal or slack, culm, or thepulverized portion or dust from hard coal or lump soft coal, which hasheretofore been wasted or un utilized, by combining it with otheringredients and by novel steps or process of treatment so as to maketherefrom fuel of the above-named character which can be formed intocompact cakes, bri uets, or pieces convenient for handling and 3 usingand which will not disintegrate to any material extent by reason of theaction of the elements thereon or in trans 'iortation.

A further object of the invention is to so prepare and treat thecomposition that it may be formed into hard cakes or pieces without theuse of great pressure and will free itself from or will not adhere tothe molds when being thus formed.

in order to enable others skilled in the art to'which the inventionpertains to make and use the same, .l will now proceed to describe it,referring to the accom 'ianying drawing, in which the ligure represents,partly in section and partly in elevation, a convenient form of anapparatus which may be used for car rying out my process and making thefuel.

ll, will be understood that any suitable apparatus may be employed; butto facilitate the explanation of the process so that it may be moreeasily and thoroughly umlerstood it is deemed necessary to illustrateone form of such an apparatus.

in the drawing the relerence-numeral .1 represents a furnacecasing ofany suitable size, form, and material in which is located, 5 usually ina horizontal position, a cylinder 2 to receive heat from the furnace orlire-hox 3, which heat and the smoke are carried oil. through a llue orsmoke-stack 4, located at the opposite end of the casing. Located in thecylinder 2 is a shaft 5, which is suitably iournaled at each of its endsand carries a pulley 6, to which power may be applied to rotate thesame. ivlounted on the shaft 5 within the cylinder is a screw conveyor7, used to con- 6 5 vey the material from the receiving end of thecylinder to the discharging end thereof. The receiving end of thecylinder conn'minicates with a hopper 8, which is tightly closed, andusually by means of a door 9, hinged to its upper portion. Thedischarging end of the cylinder communicates with a chute 10 orreceptacle to receive the material after it has passed through thecylinder, and said end closed by means of an air-tight door 11 orotherwise. thiitably mounted near the furnace-casing and above thecylinder and. hopper 8, so as to feed therein by gravity, are two tanks12 and 13, each of which is preferablyprovided with a steam-jacket 11.4;and steam-pipes l5 and 16 to be used for heating the contei'its of saidtanks. Leading from the tank i2 is a pipe 17, which is provided withbranches 18 and it), the former comnn1nicating with the hopper 8 and thelatter with the cylinder 2 near its receiving end. These branch pipesare provided at their juncture with a valve 20, used to control theflowtherethrough. Leading from the tank 13 is a pipe 21, which is providedwith branches 9.52 and 23, the former of which communicates with thehopper 8 and the latter with the cylinder 52 near its receiving end. Thesaid branch pipes are provided at their juncture with a valve 24: to beused for the same purpose as the valve 20 and above set forth. The tank13 also provided with a pipe 25, which communicates with the chute orreceptacle ll) at the discharging end of the cylinder and is providedwith a valve 26 to shut off or regulate the flow theretln'ough.

The composition consists of the following ingredients combined in aboutthe proportions stated, viz: pulverized coal--as slack, eulm, or thelike twenty-five (25) tons, to which is added two hundred (200) poundsof clay; twenty-five pounds of charcoal, fifty (50) pounds of lime,twenty-live (25) pounds of sulfate of zinc, twenty-live pounds of salt,ten (10) pounds of borax, live (5) pounds of potash, three (3) pounds ofacetic acid, one (1) peek of oil-cake meal, thirty (30) gallons ofwater, and enough, usually lifty to one hundred (100) gallons, ofpara'llin residuum to make the mixture plastic. Instead of using clay Imay employ gypsum or kaolin, and while I prefer to use parallin residuumI may employ sludge acid or soap-water or any other suitable oleo-hydriccompound, by which is meant a composition containing oily or fattysubstances pre ared with sodaash or other flux, which will cause thesame to mix perfectly.

In carrying out my process I usually mix with the pulverized coal asslack, cuhn, or the like-while all in a dry state, the clay, charcoal,lime, (airslaked,) and salt in about the proportions specified and placethe said mixture in a closed receptacle-for instance, the hopper 8 ofthe apparatus illustratedin the d rawingwhere it should be tightlyinclosed. The borax, potash, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, and oil-cakemeal in about the proportions specified are placed in a vessel--forinstance, the tank 12 containing about thirty (30) gallons of water,which is brought to a boilingpoint and boiled, and while at about saidtemperature this mixture is added to and theroughly mixed with thefirst-named mixture, and preferably at the same time enough paraflinresiduum, which is held in a tank--for instance, as in l3and boiled forabout five minutes and while at about said temperature is added to makethe mixtures plastic, as above stated. I Vhen thus treated, the mixtureis placed in an air-tight vessel, such as the cylinder 2, and subjectedto a temperature which will raise it to the point of ignition. Afterhaving heated the mixture to the point of ignition it is discharged fromthe cylinder or closed vessel, and while being discharged therefrom orsoon after it is again subjected to a small quantity of heated paralfinresiduum or the like, after which the material may be formed intosuitable cakes, briquets, or pieces by means of any suitable machine,from the molds of which it will freely pass without adhering and be incondition for handling or use. The mixture of coal, clay, lime,charcoal, and salt may have the mixture of borax, potash, sulfate ofzinc, acetic acid, oil-cake meal, and water and the parallin residuum oranalogous substance added thereto before or at the time it is beingplaced into the closed cylinder or vessel, and for this reason I haveshown in the drawing the pipes 17 and 21, leading from the tanks 12 and13, respectively, as each being provided with branch pipes leading tothe hopper or vessel outside of the cylinder and also to the receivingend of the cylinder.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described composition of matter, consisting of pulverizedcoal, clay, charcoal, lime, borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt,potash, oil-cake meal, water, and an elechydric compound, substantiallyas described.

2. The herein-described composition of matter, consisting of pulverizedcoal, clay, charcoal, lime, borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt,potash, oil-cake meal, water, and paraffin residuum, substantially asdescribed.

3. The herein-described composition of matter, consisting of pulverizedcoal, twenty-live tons, clay two hundred pounds, charcoal twenty fivepounds, airslaked lime fifty pounds, borax ten pounds, sulfate of zinctwenty-five pounds, acetic acid three pounds, salt twenty-live pounds,potash live pounds, oil-cake meal one peck, water thirty gallons, and anoleo-hydric compound fifty to one hund red gallons, substantially asdescribed.

4. The herein-described process of making artificial fuel, consisting inincorporating with pulverized coal, lime, clay, charcoal, borax, sulfateof zinc, acetic acid, salt, pot-ash, oilcake meal, water and anoleo-hydric compound, in about the quantities specified, and subject ingthe mixture to a temperature which will raise it to the point ofignition, substantially as described.

5. The herein-described process of making artificial fuel, consisting inincorporating with pulverized coal air-slaked lime, clay, charcoal,borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt, potash, oil-cake meal, water,and an oleo-hydric compound, in about the quantities specified, andsubjecting the mixture in an air-tight receptacle to a temperature whichwill raise it to the point of ignition, substantially as described.

6. The herein-described process of making artificial fuel, consistinginincorporating with pulverized coal while all are in a dry state, lime,clay, charcoal and salt; then incorporating said mixture with a mixtureof borax, potash, sulfate of zinc, oil'cake meal, acetic acid, andwater, while at abouta boiling temperature, and also with an oleo-hydriccompound while at about a boiling temperature, and subjecting the massin an air-tight receptacle to a temperature which will raise it to thepoint of ignition, substantially as described.

7. The herein-described process. of making artificial fuel, consistingin incorporating with pulverized coal while all are in a dry state,lime, clay, charcoal and salt; then incorporat- ITO resmi m ignition,and then treating the mass with an oleo-hytlreacetatc 01' Saturatedhydrocarbon, substantially as (lescriheil.

GEORGE M. IllMXLD kfi.

Witnesses:

Sims. 0. 'liLL'MAN, A. Gns'micseu.

